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Interfaz de Sonido

Es muy importante conocer más a fondo los diferentes componentes y equipo que necesitarás para montar tu home studio, y para ello nos adentramos en el mundo de las interfaces de audio.

Qué es una interfaz de sonido?

En primer lugar, vamos a aclarar qué son las interfaces de audio. Antes de meternos a fondo, una aclaración: es probable que hayas escuchado hablar de interfaz de audio, interfaz de sonido, tarjeta de sonido etc. ¡No te preocupes, es lo mismo! Tan solo son diferentes formas de llamarlas, pero el nombre más técnico y más extendido es interfaz de audio.

Explicado de una forma sencilla, una interfaz de audio es el hardware que te permite trasladar los sonidos que quieras grabar a tu DAW (recuerda, la estación de audio digital, o en otras palabras, el software de producción musical). Es decir, la interfaz de audio es lo que te permite pasar el sonido acústico, la señal analógica (por ejemplo, la que produce cualquier voz o instrumento), a señal digital, que es lo que tu ordenador puede leer y procesar.

Por qué necesitas una interfaz de audio?

Esta es siempre la pregunta que todo el mundo se hace al plantearse comprar una interfaz de audio. El motivo es precisamente el que ya hemos visto. La mayoría de los estudios de grabación en la actualidad (y mucho más los home studio), centralizan la producción musical a través de la computadora. Con el avance de la tecnología, hay una tendencia cada vez mayor de abandonar los equipos analógicos para pasar a lo digital. Por lo tanto, todo lo que queramos grabar debe poder ser procesado por la computadora y por el software de producción. Piénsalo así: una computadora no entiende el sonido, así que para que puedas trabajarlo, es necesario pasarlo a un lenguaje que pueda comprender, y este lenguaje es la señal digital. No te preocupes, de momento no necesitamos profundizar mucho más sobre esto. A medida que avancemos, ya habrá tiempo de entrar en más detalle sobre los tipos de señales y otros conceptos más técnicos. Pues bien, la interfaz de audio es el equipo que capta esas señales analógicas que emite un instrumento y las convierte en señales digitales, capaces de ser tratadas por la computadora. Por ese motivo, una interfaz es algo de lo que no podemos prescindir en nuestro estudio. Si queremos hacer música en casa, necesitamos una interfaz de sonido.

Siguiente pregunta: Por qué tengo que comprarme una interfaz, si en mi computadora ya viene integrada una tarjeta de sonido?  La respuesta es muy sencilla. Efectivamente, en tu computadora seguramente ya viene integrada una tarjeta de sonido. El problema es que las tarjetas de sonido que vienen incorporadas en las computadoras comunes no están preparadas para realizar ese tipo de procesamiento de sonido, que requiere mucha potencia y muchos recursos. Piensa que no estás montando un estudio de grabación para reproducir un par de canciones en Spotify. Lo que queremos es hacer nuestra propia música, y para ello no es suficiente el equipamiento común, sino que necesitaremos componentes de buena calidad que estén preparados específicamente para el tratamiento de audio.

En qué fijarte para comprar una interfaz de audio

Ya sabemos qué son las interfaces y por qué necesitamos una en nuestro estudio. Ahora la pregunta es: ¿cuáles son sus principales características?  ¿En que debo fijarme para comprarme una? ¿Cuál es la que mejor se adapta a mis necesidades?

No te dejes engañar. Todas las interfaces de audio tienen básicamente las mismas características y funcionan de la misma manera. Son estas:

Entradas y Salidas

 

Por una parte, debemos tener muy en cuenta el número de entradas y salidas de nuestra interfaz. Es fundamental que te preguntes lo siguiente: ¿Para qué la quiero? ¿Qué uso le voy a dar?

La regla es que necesitarás tantas entradas como líneas quieras grabar simultáneamente. Eso dependerá en gran medida de la forma en la que grabes.

Básicamente existen dos métodos principales de grabación:

Mi consejo, sobre todo si estás empezando, es que grabes por pistas. Es una forma más sencilla de iniciarse en la producción musical y de conocer cómo funcionan los flujos de sonido. También es una técnica increíble para potenciar la creatividad mientras compones. Además, necesitarás menos entradas, ¡por lo que podrás ahorrar mucho dinero y espacio!

El siguiente punto que hay que valorar es el tipo de entrada o salida. No todas las líneas necesitan del mismo tipo de entrada. En términos generales, existen dos tipos de entradas:

Las interfaces incorporan entradas híbridas, que gracias a su diseño permiten conectar tanto instrumentos como micrófonos.

Otro factor por tener muy en cuenta son las salidas de audífono. Hoy en día prácticamente todas las interfaces de sonido incorporan una salida de audífono. Es una característica fundamental para poder intercambiar de una forma sencilla entre escuchar tus producciones a través de los monitores y de los auriculares. Un consejo: si puedes, adquiere una interfaz que tenga más de una salida de audífonos. Te aseguro que te será muy útil cuando estés grabando a otra persona, ya que de esa forma los dos podrán escuchar cómodamente mientras graban.

  1. Preamplificadores

Los preamplificadores son probablemente el elemento más importante de las interfaces de sonido, ya que determinan la calidad de tus grabaciones. El objetivo es buscar una interfaz que lleve integrados unos buenos preamplificadores, fiables y, sobre todo, que transmitan un sonido claro y limpio. En la actualidad, la gran mayoría de las interfaces del mercado incorporan unos preamplificadores de una calidad suficiente.

  1. Conexión

Existen tres tipos de conexiones:

  1. Precio

Como siempre, es importante tener en cuenta el precio de los diferentes modelos. En Tu Home Studio, el objetivo es aprender a producir música y montar tu propio estudio de grabación con el presupuesto más ajustado posible.

Actualmente hay interfaces de audio para todos los presupuestos. Claro que, también hay opciones mucho más caras, que normalmente ofrecen más entradas y salidas y unos preamplificadores de la mejor calidad.

Conclusiones

En mi opinión, la mejor opción cuando adquieras una interfaz es que se ajuste a tus necesidades ya sea utilizando USB o Thunderbolt. Hablando de las conexiones con USB, la velocidad es más que suficiente y ha mejorado mucho con el USB 2.0 y 3.0. En cuanto al número de entradas, mi recomendación es que empieces con una interfaz de mínimo 2 entradas, con la que podrás grabar cómodamente por pistas e incluso grabar algunas interpretaciones en vivo.

Aunque siempre es recomendable tener más de una entrada. Lo mejor es que tengas una interfaz de 2 a 8 entradas, una para micrófono y otra para línea. Además de cuidar la calidad de los preamplificadores ya que algunas interfaces no son de tanta calidad y no ofrecen un sonido tan limpio.


Carolina Antón es especialista en diseño y optimización de sonido, así como ingeniera de sonido independiente. Ha trabajado con varias compañías de sonido como la producción de 2hands, Eighth Day Sound, Britannia Row, Meridian Pro audio y Ocesa. Ha realizado giras por los EE. UU., México y América Latina con Zoe, Cafe Tacvba, Natalia Lafourcade, HaAsh. Carolina también es propietaria de Hibiki Production que proporciona servicios para grabación y transmisión en vivo.

 

 

Sound Interface

It is very important to know more in-depth the different components and equipment that you will need to set up your home studio, and for that, we enter the world of audio interfaces.

What is a sound interface?

First, let’s clarify what audio interfaces are. Before getting to the bottom, a clarification: you have probably heard about an audio interface, sound interface, sound card etc. Do not worry, it’s the same! There are only different ways to call them, but the most technical and most extended name is the audio interface.

Explained in a simple way, an audio interface is hardware that allows you to transfer the sounds you want to record to your DAW (remember, the digital audio station, or in other words, the music production software). That is, the audio interface is what allows you to pass the acoustic sound, the analog signal (for example, the one produced by any voice or instrument), to a digital signal, which is what your computer can read and process.

Why do you need an audio interface?

This is always the question that everyone asks when considering buying an audio interface. The reason is precisely the one we have already seen. The majority of recording studios today (and much more home studio), centralize musical production through the computer. With the advancement of technology, there is a growing trend of abandoning analog equipment to become digital. Therefore, everything we want to record must be able to be processed by the computer and by the production software. Think of it like this: a computer does not understand sound, so for you to be able to work it; you need to pass it to a language that you can understand, and this language is the digital signal. Do not worry, at the moment we do not need to go into much more about this. As we move forward, there will be time to go into more detail about the types of signals and other more technical concepts. Well, the audio interface is the equipment that captures those analog signals that an instrument emits and converts them into digital signals, capable of being treated by the computer. For that reason, an interface is something that we cannot do without in our study. If we want to make music at home, we need a sound interface.

Next question: Why do I have to buy an interface if a sound card is integrated into my computer? The answer is very simple. Indeed, a sound card is already integrated into your computer. The problem is that the sound cards that come incorporated in common computers are not prepared to perform this type of sound processing, which requires a lot of power and many resources. Think you’re not setting up a recording studio to play a couple of songs on Spotify. What we want is to make our own music, and for this, the common equipment is not enough, but we will need good quality components that are specifically prepared for the audio treatment.

What to look for to buy an audio interface

We already know what interfaces are and why we need one in our study. Now the question is: what are its main characteristics? What should I pay attention to buy one? Which one best suits my needs?

Do not be fooled. All audio interfaces have basically the same characteristics and work in the same way. These are:

Inputs and Outputs

On the one hand, we must take into account the number of inputs and outputs of our interface. It is essential that you ask yourself the following: What do I want it for? What use will I give?

The rule is that you will need as many entries as you want to record simultaneously. That will depend to a large extent on the way you record.

Basically, there are two main methods of recording:

Recording by tracks: Nowadays, there are many people who record by tracks, that is, you record a track first (example, drums), then on that track you record the next one (eg the bass) and so on until you complete the track. It could also be called layer recording. The technique consists of adding layers until the final result is obtained. Therefore,  if you record by tracks (which is the most usual in a home studio environment), it will be enough to have an audio interface with few inputs.

Live recording: unlike recording by tracks, for live recording you will need as many inputs as there are sound lines being played at the same time. For example, if you want to record a group of 4 people simultaneously playing live, you will need as many inputs as you want to record: several entries for the voices and many others for the instruments. Keep in mind that there are instruments, such as the battery, that need several microphones to capture the different components (bass drum, snare, cymbals, etc.).

My advice, especially if you are starting, is that you record by clues. It is a simpler way to get started in musical production and to know how sound workflows. It is also an incredible technique to enhance creativity while you compose. In addition, you will need fewer entries, so you can save a lot of money and space!

The next point to assess is the type of entry or exit. Not all lines need the same type of entry. In general terms, there are two types of entries:

Line input: these types of inputs are used to connect instruments such as basses and electric guitars.

Microphone input: as its name suggests, it is used to connect microphones. However, we must bear in mind that condenser microphones require a different power to operate (48v). Most audio interfaces already have a built-in button to activate the 48v of power for when you want to connect your condenser mic, but I recommend that you make sure before buying it.

The interfaces incorporate hybrid inputs, which thanks to their design allow to connect both instruments and microphones.

Another factor to keep in mind is the hearing aid outputs. Nowadays practically all sound interfaces incorporate a hearing aid output. It is a fundamental characteristic to be able to exchange in a simple way between listening to your productions through the monitors and the headphones. A tip: if you can, get an interface that has more than one headphone output. I assure you that it will be very useful when you are recording another person, since that way you can both listen comfortably while recording.

Pre-amplifiers

The preamplifiers are probably the most important element of the sound interfaces since they determine the quality of your recordings. The objective is to look for an interface that has integrated good preamplifiers, reliable and, above all, that transmit a clear and clean sound. Currently, the vast majority of market interfaces incorporate preamps of sufficient quality.

Connection

There are three types of connections:

USB: is the most used currently, especially in the interfaces of medium quality. Although it is not the fastest connection of the existing ones, it is a very good option for home studios, especially for its easy connection to computers (all computers on the market have a way to connect to USB ports). In addition, with USB 2.0 and USB 3.0, the speed has increased considerably, making the USB connection preferred by both manufacturers and users.

Firewire: Formerly firewire connections used to be faster than USB, but today, the USB connection has nothing to envy to the firewire, getting to provide very good speed.

Thunderbolt: it is the fastest connection in the market, now more frequent in current computers. Normally only higher quality audio interfaces (and, therefore, higher price) incorporate thunderbolt connection.

Price

As always, it is important to take into account the price of the different models. At Tu Home Studio, the goal is to learn how to produce music and set up your own recording studio with the best possible budget.

Currently, there are audio interfaces for all budgets. Of course, there are also much more expensive options, which usually offer more inputs and outputs and preamps of the best quality.

Conclusions

In my opinion, the best option when you acquire an interface is that it suits your needs, whether using USB or Thunderbolt. Speaking of USB connections, the speed is more than enough and has improved a lot with USB 2.0 and 3.0. As for the number of entries, my recommendation is that you start with an interface of at least 2 entries, with which you can comfortably record tracks and even record some live performances.

Although it is always advisable to have more than one entry. The best thing is that you have an interface of 2 to 8 inputs, one for microphone and another for the line. In addition to taking care of the quality of the preamplifiers since some interfaces are not of such quality and do not offer such a clean sound.


Carolina Antón is a specialist in sound design and optimization as well as a freelance sound engineer. She has worked with several sound companies such as 2hands production, Eighth Day Sound, Britannia Row,Meridian Pro audio, and Ocesa. She has toured throughout the U.S, Mexico, and Latin America with Zoe, Cafe Tacvba, Natalia Lafourcade, HaAsh. Carolina is also the owner of Hibiki Production providing services for Live Recording and Streaming. Carolina is the Chapter Head for Mexico Chapter of SoundGirls.

 

Women in Audio Articles & Interviews


Suzanne Ciani Women in Sound

Jess Fenton, Producer/Engineer/Mixer at Fenton Music Productions

At home with Sheryl Crow, a widely beloved, and wildly underappreciated, rock star

Atlantic Records’ Recording Engineer, Ebonie Smith, Talks Amplifying the Music Industry

Sharing The Long Road: The Career Of Claudia Engelhart & Inside Her Unique Partnership With Artist Bill Frisell

Craft Profile: Jeri Palumbo

You lift with your mind, not with your muscles’: female sound engineers on working in audio

What’s Most Important: The Career & Influences Of Monitor Engineer Whitney Olpin

Mastering for Vinyl: Tips for Digital Mastering Engineers

Mastering for Vinyl: Conversations With the Pros

Subtractive EQ: A Mastering Engineer’s Not-So-Secret Weapon

Rhiannon Mair: Well Engineered

Communication skills: mastering engineer vs. automated mastering services

The Right Balance: The Diverse Career And Life Of Grace Royse

Bryony October Touring Engineer

Who’s helping womxn into sound?

International Women’s Day: Meet the women shaping the future of music

International Women’s Day 2019 – 9 Women in Music Tech (WoMuTe) Heroes

Behind the console: women working in audio and changing the game

Women in Audio – A Celebration of International Women’s Day

Behind the console: women working in audio and changing the game

Driven To Excellence: Inside The World Of Multifaceted Audio Professional Rebecca Wilson

2019 Grammys: Women behind the music

Bohemian Rhapsody: First Oscars night for sound editor Nina Hartstone

WOMEN IN SOUND W/AMANDA DAVIS

We Need Women To Break Through The Glass Ceiling In Music Production To EQ The Gender Imbalance

The Most Historic Grammy Win Just Happened

For every 47 music producers who are men, there is 1 woman

The Grammys Celebrated Women. So, What’s Next?

A day in the life of Emily Lazar, Grammy-winning mastering engineer

St. Vincent on How to Empower More Women in the Music Business

These Women are Fixing the Gender Problem in Music Tech

Why we need campaigns like Red Bull Studios’ Normal Not Novelty

Women in audio: Hear us roar

Jo Hutchins: Full Interview with PSN Europe for Women in Audio article

Darcy Proper on the changing perception of mastering in the industry

Preparing your music for mastering by Darcy Proper

Darcy Proper wins surround sound Grammy

Mandy Parnell Interview – A Master Of The Industry

Mandy Parnell: The Art of Mastering

Mandy Parnell: Mastering Audio

Mandy Parnell: Mastering Björk’s Biophilia

Piper Payne – Mastering Engineer

In the Spotlight… Sophia Hardman, Foley Mixer at Twickenham Studios

In Conversation with Emma Butt

Less than 5% of Audio Engineers are Women — This is My Story

Inventing The Future: The Trailblazing Technologies & Passions Of Jackie Green

Creative license is key’: Sound designer Kirsty Gillmore on producing theatre audio

Ebonie Smith Why are Female Producers Everywhere, Yes so Invisible?

Live Sound Engineer Amanda Davis: Forging A Fearless Career Path

In Profile: Passion For The Craft: The world of touring front of house engineer Michelle Sabolchick Pettinato.

Noted monitor engineer and mentor/educator Karrie Keyes, in profile.

30 Under 30 – Rachel Rozzi – Audio Tech

Meet The Woman Engineering Your Favorite South African Hip-Hop Releases

Grammy’s Take Note – Women in Music

Rhiannon Mair Interview – Multifaceted Music Production

Road Warriors – Stories From The Touring Women Who Keep The Music Sounding Sweet

Producer, songwriter, and gender diversity campaigner Carla Marie Williams

The Nine: Alesia Hendley

In the Studio with Sylvia Massy

Top Engineer Ann Mincieli Rules the NYC Music Scene with Her Jungle City Studios

Jeri Palumbo Thriving in the Hot Seat

Erica Richstad, Manager, Applications Engineering At Dolby

Why Aren’t There More Women Working in Audio? Like with many STEM-oriented fields, music production and sound engineering are dominated by men—though that’s very slowly changing

How Freelance sound designer Ana Monte captured the sounds of war in a conflict zone

Annette Cisneros – Working Behind Two Types of Desks – Offspring, Social Distortion, Alice in Chains

Behind the Scenes at NPR West

Jackie Green – VP of R&D/Engineering at Audio Technica

Where Are All the Women Producers? Here Are Five Famous Ones

Why are Female Record Producers So Rare

The Sound Girls of Brazil

Where are All the Women Record Producers

The Five Percent: Profiles on Women in Audio

Catherine Marks: Happy Accidents

Be Unstoppable: The Attitude and Skills Required to Find Success as a Touring Sound Engineer

Behind The Glass: An Interview with Producer/Engineer Trina Shoemaker

Meet Jane Tattersal: Sound Supervisor for Penny Dreadful

Meet Paula Fairfield Sound Designer on Game of Thrones

Sounds Like Success: Sudhish Kamath

Chez Stock: The Girl With The Audio Tattoo(s)

Front and Center: Women’s Audio Mission Founder, Terri Winston

Reflections on Production Sound, in the Company of Jan McLaughlin

Beethoven’s Ninth in 5.1 Leslie Ann Jones, Wolfgang Fraissinet, Mike Pappas and a Lot of Digital Mics

Lucy Johnstone – Sound Editor for Top Gear

In Profile: Beth Gladen – Sound Company Owner/Mix Engineer

Women in Audio: Becky Pell, Monitor Engineer, Yoga Teacher and Writer

If You Want To Be Somewhere, You’ve Got To Occupy It’: How Women Are Changing The Face Of Engineering And Producing

Behind the Console: 10 Sound Engineers Changing the Game

Meet 10 Incredible Women Running Your Favorite Musicians’ Shows

The Only Girl: the search for female sound engineers

How Mastering Engineer Emily Lazar Made Grammy History

Master blaster: the woman making Björk, Aphex Twin and Eno sound so good

Less is more’: Mastering engineer Katie Tavini talks studio techniques and stereotypes

This page is updated on a regualar basis – so check back anytime you need inspiration.  If you have an article you would like added – please email the link to soundgirls@soundgirls.org

 

 

 

Women in Audio Podcasts

Behind the Beat is a Gender Amplified original podcast highlighting the work of female and non-binary music producers.


Sisters of Sound Podcast


 Roadie Free Radio


Tape OP Podcast

Working Class Audio Podcast:


Storyophonic 

Episode 17 – LYNNE EARLS A producer-engineer-mixer-composer and player: Irish-born, Liverpool-educated Los Angeles transplant Lynne Earls’ credits include recording K.D. Lang, Calexico, Rumer, Lizz Wright, Wayne Shorter and many others. In this conversation, she compares recording to photography, instinct and intuition guide her as she captures the authentic soul of a sound in the optimal instant.

EPISODE 16 – BONNIE MCKEE: She’s an “American Girl,” one of the “California Girls,” and a “Teenage Dream” who can “Roar.” Artist, songwriter and producer Bonnie McKee might be best known from her multiple award winning collaborations with Katy Perry, as a recording artist, or as a guest vocalist with dance provocateurs Kygo and Armin Van Buuren. If you listen to pop music, you have heard her songs for Britney Spears, Kelly Clarkson, Adam Lambert and many others. Meet the luminous, glamorous and fabulous Bonnie McKee.

EPISODE 12 – LESLIE ANN JONES: Engineer, producer and mixer Leslie Ann Jones has been behind the board for everyone from Rosemary Clooney and Kronos Quartet to Herbie Hancock and Alice in Chains. As Director of Music Recording and Scoring for Skywalker Sound, she records scores for video games and feature films including Apocalypse Now, Requiem for a Dream and Happy Feet. A multiple Grammy Award winner inducted this year into the NAMM TEC Hall of Fame for her achievements, Leslie Ann Jones is an Audio Icon of the first order.


Backstage Chats

A podcast amplifying the voices and careers of women in music. Hosted by Thea Wood, the show is part of the Backstage Chats Foundation, a nonprofit organization offering grants and scholarships to women in music. Women are underrepresented on stage, on air, and behind the scenes in the music biz, so it’s our mission to create gender harmony by sharing the voices and stories of female music makers. Backstage Chats with Women In Music connects music fans with female artists and industry insiders who remind us to be dreamers, to be rule breakers, and that we are all rock stars!


 

PSNEurope podcast Women in Audio

Pensado’s Place



Gear Club Podcast


TONEBENDERS PODCAST

The Tonebenders podcast is a resource for anyone involved in post sound, with insights on everything from field recording to editing, designing and mixing in the studio.


The Right Scuff Podcast


Shure Signal Path Podcast


Other Podcasts

Missed this Week’s Top Stories? Read our Quick Round-up!

It’s easy to miss the SoundGirls news and blogs, so we have put together a round-up of the blogs, articles, and news from the past week. You can keep up to date and read more at SoundGirls.org

October Feature Profile

First to Record Elvis – Marion Keisker

The Blogs

Making Hard Decisions – Career Choices

Dancing on the Demon of Ignorance

A Guide to Supporting Women in Sound


SoundGirls News

 

https://soundgirls.org/event/los-angeles-soundgirls-social-3/?instance_id=1350

Vancouver SoundGirls Social

https://soundgirls.org/event/nashville-soundgirls-chapter-launch/?instance_id=1347

https://soundgirls.org/event/los-angeles-soundgirls-social-2/?instance_id=1327

Hearing Health Seminar

Analog/Tape Recording Workshop w/Lenise Bent

https://soundgirls.org/namm-2019-badges-for-soundgirls-members-2/

SoundGirls and SoundGym

Shadowing/Mentoring/Internship Opportunities

Shadowing Opportunity w/Guit Tech Claire Murphy

Shadowing Opportunity w/ FOH Engineer Edgardo “Verta” Vertanessian

Shadowing Opportunity w/ FOH Engineer Sean “Sully” Sullivan

Shadowing Opportunity w/ ME Aaron Foye

https://soundgirls.org/soundgirls-mentoring/

 


Round Up From the Internet

https://www.prosoundweb.com/channels/live-sound/keeping-it-real-psychoacoustics-in-iem-mixing/

 


SoundGirls Resources

Directory of Women in Professional Audio and Production

This directory provides a listing of women in disciplines industry-wide for networking and hiring. It’s free – add your name, upload your resume, and share with your colleagues across the industry.

SoundGirls – Gaston-Bird Travel Fund

Letter for Trades and Manufacturers


Women-Owned Businesses

SoundGirls Scholarships 2021 Now Open

Events

Sexual Harassment

https://soundgirls.org/about-us/soundgirls-chapters/

Jobs and Internships

Women in the Professional Audio

Member Benefits

Making Hard Decisions – Career Choices

Have you ever had a time where you made an employment commitment and then had to go back on that commitment? If you have, I bet you struggled with the decision just as much as I did.

I recently had two amazing job opportunities.  I had applied for a job, accepted an offer and was awaiting my start date, when another offer came my way.   All of a sudden, I had two great opportunities in front of me which, turned into having to make one very hard decision. Do I stay with the first job, take the new opportunity or pass on it because I had already accepted the first offer?

As I faced trying to make my decision, I struggled with some moral thoughts about commitment such as; how I would feel if a prospective employee chose to “quit” before they started, and the situation that I might be leaving the company in if I didn’t follow through with the job I had accepted.  I weighed the pros and cons of each job and considered the goals of my career. I sought advice from others. Some advice was great and some just seemed to make it harder to choose. In some moments I knew exactly what to do, only to question my thinking a few moments later. As I processed what was before me, I wished I had a source that might have helped me think it through, so I write this blog to help others consider what they might do if they ever have to make a decision like this.

I came to my decision by taking a sense of self approach, instead of thinking about what others might want or need. For instance, it is you who will be spending the time there, and you are the one doing the work. We work a lot; it’s the nature of the job. Think about you and which option will help you and your goals, your happiness, and what you want from it all. There will be signs that help you decide for yourself, but those signs might get lost in having to make such a tough choice, usually in a short time frame as well.

When it comes down to it, you will likely disappoint someone no matter what, but you can’t take that in as a factor. Sometimes the truck pack doesn’t fit perfectly, but if you move just one piece of gear, you have a perfect Tetris game. It’s ok to pick you! It’s your happiness, your career goals, and your time because the period you spend working is a majority of your life and is a part of who you are, so it’s absolutely ok to put yourself first. The person or organization you end up leaving will be able to move forward and find someone else for the position. You might burn a bridge, but that is part of picking you in this situation. People come and go, usually at the least opportune time, but in the end, they will work through it just as you have when a coworker leaves or a position remains open too long.

When you do finally decide which option will be best for you, no matter commitments made or not, make sure to communicate those as quickly as possible. This may be the best courtesy you have to offer. Whichever you decide, it will leave someone with the task of going back to the hiring board.  Give them as much time as you can for them to do that. Then look forward to your new opportunity and make the best of it, because you chose it for you and it is an exciting next step!

 

Analog/Tape Recording Workshop w/Lenise Bent

This is open to intermediate recording engineers that wish to learn to analog recording techniques.  Session will be recorded to tape and will be taught by Lenise Bent. Attendees will be recording a band or artist – TBA.

Workshop will include:

Attendees will get hands-on experience:

The last time vinyl records saw the kinds of numbers they’ve been selling lately, U2’s Rattle And Hum was topping the charts. Last year, the RIAA reported that at $416 million, vinyl sales had reached levels that hadn’t been seen since 1988.

Back then, albums were recorded and mixed to analog tape – a recording format that has achieved mythical status.  Producer/engineer LENISE BENT is one of the first women recording engineers and has worked on many iconic records including “Aja” by Steely Dan, “Breakfast in America” by Supertramp and “Tusk” by Fleetwood Mac. She was also the first woman to receive a platinum album for engineering on Blondie’s AutoAmerican. Lenise has seen the evolution of recording techniques and will be sharing her knowledge and experience with us.

4th Street Recording equipment roster includes an API 3224 w/flying fader automation and Studer A-827 2”: 24 Track . View Full Equipment List

 

First to Record Elvis – Marion Keisker

“Marion Keisker MacInnes (September 23, 1917 – December 29, 1989), born in Memphis, Tennessee, was a radio show host, station manager, U.S. Air Force officer, and assistant to Sam Phillips at Sun Records. She is best known for being the first person to record Elvis Presley on July 18, 1953. Keisker had a vibrant career in broadcasting, made inroads for women in a male-dominated media industry, and became an activist in the burgeoning women’s rights movement.” – Sun Record Company website

Radio years

Marion’s radio debut was in 1929 (at age 11) on WREC in Memphis. She attended Southwestern College where she studied English and Medieval French and graduated in 1938. She was married in 1939 and had a son before divorcing in 1943.

Marion went on to become one of the best-known female radio personalities in Memphis where she worked at virtually every station in town. By 1946, she was hired full-time by WREC where she hosted a daily talk show, “Meet Kitty Kelly.” Management suggested her show be a “woman’s program” based around homemaking, beauty or storytelling for children. She refused, wanted to make a show that interested her generally and not exclusively around her gender.

At WREC, Marion wrote, produced, and directed 14 other programs. She worked on a weekly music show (which broadcast big bands) where she met Sam Phillips. Sam was a broadcast engineer and on-air personality for WREC. Sam had ambitions to open a recording studio and asked Marion to come work for him (as his assistant and studio manager). Marion, a single mom who knew little about music, wanted to help Sam fulfill his vision.

Memphis Recording Service: The Birthplace of Rock ‘N’ Roll

Sam and Marion were together when Sam discovered the empty building at 706 Union Avenue he wanted for his studio. “With many difficulties, we got the place, we raised the money, and between us we did everything,” Marion recollected in an interview. “We laid all the tile, and we painted the acoustic boards. I put in the bathroom; Sam put in the control room – what little equipment he had always had to be the best.”

The studio, which opened in 1950, was named Memphis Recording Service. Marion was working part-time at WREC alongside her duties at the studio (as well as Sam’s record label, Sun Records, when it opened in 1952). In a later interview, Marion said of the studio, “I scrubbed the floors, did the publicity, the works.” While she was sometimes referred to as secretary, she said, “it’s ok if they’ll also say I was office manager, assistant engineer, and general Jane of all trades.”

Sam’s business card carried the motto, “We record anything–anywhere–anytime.” Sam’s vision was to record and produce black musicians – a progressive attitude for the time. What’s considered by some to be the first rock and roll single, “Rocket 88,” was recorded and produced by Sam in 1951 (it hit number 1 on the Billboard R&B chart). Blues and R&B artists like B.B. King, Howlin’ Wolf, and Ike Turner recorded at the studio in the early 1950s.

The studio later attracted rock and roll, rockabilly, and country artists like Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison, and Jerry Lee Lewis. More on the studio’s technical setup can be found here.

The start of Elvis’s career

On Saturday, July 18, 1953, Elvis Presley stopped by the studio to make his first demo recording. Marion was the first to meet him, and the story has become folklore with Elvis fans. Marion asked, “What kind of singer are you?” Elvis said, “I sing all kinds.” Marion asked, “Who do you sound like?” He responded, “I don’t sound like nobody.”

Elvis recorded two songs on a 10” acetate disk, “My Happiness” and “That’s When Heartaches Begin” for around $4. There’s some dispute on who did the recording (more on that later). By Marion’s account, Sam was out of the studio when Elvis arrived, so she operated the studio’s Rek-O-Kut direct to disk lathe and also ran the mono recorder. Marion, who kept notes on artists for future opportunities, wrote next to his name in the studio’s records: ‘Good Ballad Singer – Hold.’

Marion tells her side of the story recording Elvis

 

The next summer, Sam needed a singer for a song called “Without You,” and Marion encouraged him to try Elvis. While Elvis wasn’t right for the song, it opened the door to singing other tunes for Sam. Elvis was then introduced to a friend of Sam’s, guitarist Scotty Moore, and bassist Bill Black. On July 5, 1954, the three were in the studio recording. Elvis’s first record came from that session (“That’s All Right” and “Blue Moon of Kentucky”), and the songs were on the radio less than a week later. Elvis was 19 years old, had never played a professional gig, and hadn’t played with his bandmates until that session.

 

Another video of Marion talking about the studio.

All-women radio station

On top of working at the recording studio and record label, Marion helped Sam launch WHER-AM, the first all-female radio station in the country. Both talent and staff were almost entirely women. WHER launched in 1955 with Marion being the first voice heard on-air. She read the news for two years at the station. Sam’s wife, Becky, was one of the first DJs at WHER.

Air Force

Sergeant Elvis Presley With Marion Keisker

After her relationship with Sam became tumultuous, Marion left her job in 1957 and joined the US Air Force (where she was offered a direct commission as captain). After training, she was assigned to Vance Air Force Base in Oklahoma where she was the only female officer other than nurses. She was transferred to Ramstein AFB in Germany where she was Commander of the largest armed forces television facility in the world.

At the television station, American TV programs were copied and shipped overseas weekly. Staff members were responsible for the news, weather, and sports. According to the Air Force’s Historical Support Division, “German television sets could not receive the station because they could not pick up the MHz frequency. German radios, however, could tune in to American broadcasts from the American Forces Radio Network. Many Germans learned English by listening to the Armed Forces Radio Network.”

In 1960, Army private Elvis Presley was in Germany doing a press conference when he stopped to say hello to one of the few women in the room, Captain Marion Keisker MacInnes.

Elvis told her, ‘I don’t know whether to kiss you or salute!’ She responded, ‘In that order.’ She was reprimanded by an army captain for over-familiarity with a noncom. Elvis defended her and said, ..’ we wouldn’t be having a press conference if it weren’t for this lady.’ (https://www.elvis.com.au/presley/marion-keisker.shtml)

Marion went on to serve at Patrick Air Force Base in Florida (Cape Canaveral is controlled and operated by this base). She was stationed there during a lot of the space activities of the 1960s including manned and unmanned space programs.

Marion retired from the Air Force in 1969 after 14 years of service and returned to Memphis where she became a key figure in the local women’s rights movement.

Women’s rights advocate

Marion was co-founder and president of the Memphis chapter of the National Organization of Women. She fought to change the classified ads in the local newspapers so jobs would not be separated by gender. She was a member of the Women’s Media Group where she fought discrimination against women in the media.

In the 1970s and 1980s, she was known for her broadcasting and theater work in Memphis. Marion frequently wrote letters to the editor to address issues of discrimination against women. Marion died on December 29, 1989, after a long battle with cancer.

Elvis recording controversy

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Marion’s claim to be the first to record Elvis dates as far back as 1955. Her story did not waver (other than minor details) from that time until her death in 1989. Conversely, Sam didn’t comment about the recording until 1979. In 1986, Sam Phillips did an interview with Rolling Stone Magazine where he said of the recording, “Well, I would love to say Marion did it. She did an awful lot for me, man. I mean we painted floors together. I wouldn’t take anything away from Marion Keisker. And I think she made the statement inadvertently. I don’t want to make Marion look bad on the thing. I wish you’d just drop it, ’cause I don’t care who it was. But it was simply me. That’s all.”

Author Peter Guralnick, who was friends with both Sam and Marion, discusses the controversy in his 2016 book, “Sam Phillips: The Man Who Invented Rock ‘n’ Roll”:

To test Sam’s contention that Marion had never recorded anyone in that studio, I tried without success to find someone she had. I spoke to numerous people familiar with the Sun operation over the years, and all agreed from what they knew of Marion and the technical operation of the lathe, that not only could she have operated it, she probably did. But none could recall ever seeing her do so. I tried to contact her son, who she said was frequently in the studio with her, but was unable to get a response from him. I even asked Marion if she could suggest someone I might talk to if she could give me the name of someone she had recorded—which I thought could at least settle the equipment question once and for all—but although we remained in frequent contact right up until her death, she never directly addressed the question. And so I am left with my own discomfiting conclusion. . .

All I can offer by way of explanation is Marion’s view of memory as a fleeting and fungible thing. “I’ve really become very much conscious and preoccupied with the subject of memory,” she said to me one time. “How subjective it is, how protective it is. It wasn’t that we didn’t know that things were happening, it’s just that there wasn’t enough time and energy [to write it down]. So I don’t know, it’s sort of like, whatever I may have suggested, it’s quite possibly not accurate.

Marion’s legacy

While it’s probable that Marion Kreisker could add “tape op” to her job duties at Memphis Recording Service/Sun Records, there are no known witnesses to her actually doing it. But, both Sam Phillips and Elvis Presley publicly expressed their gratitude to Marion – Elvis saying more than once Marion was a pivotal person in his career and Sam acknowledging many times he couldn’t have done it without her.

Even with those accolades, Marion Keisker is often presented in the Sun Records story as merely a personal assistant or secretary to Sam Phillips. While Marion has been recognized by women’s rights organizations, Elvis historians and fan clubs all over the world, her contribution to the audio and radio community has largely gone unknown. We would like to recognize Marion Keisker as one of the pioneers of women in our community.

“I think that if women stand behind women – both women as an audience, women as listeners and viewers, and women as co-workers within the broadcast field – we’d just be supportive and give each other a little encouragement, it would make all the difference.” Marion Keisker MacInnes

The Elvis record today

In 2015, Jack White anonymously purchased the acetate disk of Elvis’s 1953 recording in an auction for $300,000. The recording was digitally transferred by Alan Stoker. A video of the process is here

 

 

Further reading:

Did Marion Keisker Record Elvis? (A more in-depth analysis by April Tucker)

Book: Sam Phillips: The Man Who Invented Rock ‘n’ Roll – Peter Guralnick

The Anything but Ordinary Life of Marion Keisker MacInnes ’42

Jack White Has Elvis Presley’s First Recordings Digitally Transferred

WHER: 1000 BEAUTIFUL WATTS, PART 1 (Kitchen Sisters podcast)

 

 

Visit:

Sun Studio in Memphis, TN

Memphis Recording Service replica at The Musicians Hall of Fame Museum (Marion Keisker was a Source Foundation award recipient in 2009)

Special thanks to Peter Guralnick, Jon Hornyak, J M VanEaton, Maureen Droney, Wes Dooley, and Billy “The Spa Guy” Stallings, and Air Force Historical Support Division

 

Find More Profiles on The Five Percent

Profiles of Women in Audio

 

Dancing on the Demon of Ignorance

A couple of years ago my sister and I were in the British Museum in London. We were admiring some beautiful Hindu statues when we saw one described as “Lord Shiva dancing on the dwarf of ignorance.” After joking about renaming our small but silly dog The Dwarf of Ignorance, I read up on the subject, and the idea has stuck with me ever since. The story goes that Apasmara is a demon who represents ignorance, selfishness, and laziness. Although he is referred to as a dwarf, he actually has the body of a child, reflecting his immaturity and small-mindedness rather than someone with dwarfism. The god Shiva wanted to vanquish him but realised that to maintain balance he shouldn’t kill him. In a world without ignorance, all knowledge would come to everyone without effort and so would become valueless. Instead, he decided to keep him crushed under one foot while joyfully dancing. Apasmara is immortal, but he can be kept in check with education and good-humour.

At this stage you might be thinking of a few Apasmaras that you know: that colleague who acts like they’re more intelligent than they really are, or the one who always has to take a phone call when there’s work to be done, that client who was so patronising and rude, the ones who treat you like an idiot even though you know more about the subject at hand than them. They can be frustrating, and it can make you want to scream, yell, tell them exactly how annoying they are, or just leave. However, arguing very rarely gets you anywhere and being rude is not going to change anyone’s mind. Leaving might be better than saying something you’ll regret later, but it won’t make things better, for them, you, or the next person who has to work with them. You’ll achieve much more if you approach the situation calmly, try to see things from their point of view and discuss it with them. Sometimes people don’t realise that what they’re doing is wrong and all they need is to have it discreetly pointed out to them. Sometimes it can take a little persuading, but engaging them with openness and cordiality is more likely to bring them round than bickering. Even if it doesn’t, it saves you from appearing unprofessional and you can walk away with your head held high, knowing you tried your best.

Of course, the whole point of the Apasmara tale is that we all have a demon of ignorance inside ourselves. That petty and mean part of us that makes snap judgments about people, that lashes out at others because you feel threatened or embarrassed, that blames others for your own mistakes, that puts other people down to make yourself seem clever, that does a half-assed job because you couldn’t be bothered, that gives in to addictions because it’s easier than facing up to what’s causing them. More recently this has been called the ‘lizard brain’ because these impulses usually come from our basal ganglia: the most rudimentary part of our brain, which controls basic instincts. This exemplary blog refers to it as our ‘inner mammoth’. Cognitive behavioural therapy categorises these thoughts as negative neural pathways, which are often well-worn and easy to default to if you don’t have the time or energy to overcome them. It’s particularly easy to let them take over when you’re tired or stressed, which is a pretty common state in this job!

Perhaps counterintuitively, we can often act rudely because we’re afraid of what people think of us. I know I get more snappy and make stupid mistakes if I’m stressing about getting something I find difficult right, or ironically if I’m trying to make a good impression! If you’re confident about your abilities, it’s much easier to be level-headed, patient and forgiving with the people around you. The more you educate yourself, not only about the gear you use and the principles behind your job but also about how we all think and interact, the easier it will become to battle your own demon of ignorance. It is definitely not easy. I’ve lost friends, work and relationships because of my demon of ignorance, and I still find it raising its sniveling little head on a pretty much daily basis. I’m sorry to say it still wins sometimes, and it feels awful. As the story goes, it will never go away, but once you learn to acknowledge when it happens, you can take a step back, then do your best to counteract it. You can also learn to recognise it in others and help them with compassion and understanding. In time you can make your workplace a less stressful, more productive and all-round more pleasant place to be, and even do the same for your personal life. Then you can have a good laugh at Apasmara’s expense.

Photo Source: A view of Nataraja Shiva Temple at Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, by Richard Mortel, is licensed under CC BY 2.0

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