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The Sound of Self-Doubt 

 

Introduction

In the last month, I did something that, for the past two years, I had never done before from an artist’s point of view: I booked a recording session outside of my bedroom. For a long time, my bedroom has been my safe space creatively — the place where I write, produce, and record without anyone watching, judging, or interfering. But after my mid-budget dynamic microphone broke and I spent a couple of months recording vocals on a cheap replacement, I started wondering whether my sound was missing something that I couldn’t give it on my own. Maybe what I needed was better gear, better recording techniques, or simply another set of hands.

So, after weighing a few deliberate pros and cons, I booked a half-day session with a local recording engineer and producer in my neighbourhood. I went into it expecting to think mostly about microphones, vocals, acoustics, and whether working with someone else would improve my music.

Instead, the thing that stayed with me most had nothing to do with recording at all. The monster that is Imposter syndrome.

The Monster 

I am unsure about what I will say next will be comforting or terrifying to hear for you readers. Whether you’re a producer making a living off of your work, or a struggling artist who just set up your first monitors on the old maple-wood desk in your bedroom, every person in this world has experienced, at one point in their life, the phenomenon that is imposter syndrome. At its core, imposter syndrome can be defined as a psychological condition characterised by constant doubt of one’s abilities or accomplishments, often accompanied by the fear of being exposed as a fraud – or an “imposter” – despite evidence of ongoing success (Webster). While some people argue this syndrome has led them into unhealthy spirals of exponentially growing self-doubt and despair, others say it has motivated, or even forced them to refine their craft to perfection, achieving no levels of satisfaction until reaching an objectively recognised goal or outcome. While the latter observation may ring true in many other industries, it gets more twisted in the creative world. Because how do you measure what mix is objectively the best? What lyrics will be the catchiest hook? What type of piano will make this record sound grammy-worthy? You can’t. The painful beauty of making music is that there is not one true formula for creating what is best. There are lots of records that have been and still are criticised for their mixes, but I defy you to find an average listener that rejects a song because “the low-end on the snare should be cut by 0.2dB”. It sounds silly. Because it is.

The Art of Preemptive Apologies 

So anyway, the reason that I’ve realised this imposter syndrome is a very shared experience, is partly due to the recording session I had with this producer I mentioned earlier. Before we started any work, he wanted to show me a couple of mixes he did for other clients so I could get an idea of his approach. Before he pressed play, he was already apologising for like 5-10 things that he thinks he did a bad job on. I was caught a bit off guard. Mixing-wise, I was certainly nowhere near his level. I’m an artist and a producer, not a

mixer. Still, he apologised in advance for what seemed to me like a protective coat to shield from any criticism I had locked and loaded after listening to his mixes. I must say, from an artist point of view, it was a bit unsettling to see this certainly human insecurity revealing itself from someone who is a professional at their craft. I thought to myself: Half of the reason I’m paying you is for you to take the weight off my back and confidently carry it to the finish line. And he was a good mixer as well, so I think him criticising himself right at the get-go helped neither of our confidence heading into this collaboration. But alas, everyone has their demons to fight.

A Glass half full 

A glass is half full take-away that I had from this situation though, is the comforting fact that producers at higher levels experience the same self-doubt that we as beginners do. Is it scary that it’s omnipresent through all levels? Yes. But is it reassuring that this imposter syndrome is not an unstoppable force on your way to success? Certainly. Another producer I’ve met recently – one who mixes A-listers of the likes of Billie Eilish and Raye – also shared his experiences of the discouraging cycle of self-doubt. One that he couldn’t escape until a couple of years ago, where he was already mixing grammy-nominated projects. I will talk more about the experience of meeting him in my next blog, but I couldn’t bring myself to not mention this at all, since it’s so relevant to what is being discussed for today.

Closing Thoughts 

Once more, this anecdote reinforces the idea that whether you’re just starting out in the industry, or you are the industry, everyone is told by their own voice, at one point, that they’re not good enough. It’s important you don’t listen to it too much.

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Why does this sound so good?: Jill Scott – To Whom This May Concern 

It is incredibly interesting how we are often inspired by sound— an intangible vibration of airwaves that can resonate with the deepest corners of our souls. Personally, I have always been moved by music. Getting my hands on a saxophone, then learning to sing, then finally learning about music production have all helped to deepen my appreciation for music over the years. When I was younger, I would sit listening to music and often ask myself, “Why does this song sound so good?” Now, with many years of music production experience and a sound engineering degree under my belt, I have a clearer sense of the elements that make a record resonate with the deepest corners of our souls. And oftentimes it is when the lyrics, music production, and sound engineering of a song create a synergy together. As my time as a SoundGirls blogger commences, I will continually analyze different records and projects to answer that exact question — why does this song sound so good?

Like many R&B fans, I have long awaited Jill Scott’s new music. I love that this newest project, To Whom This May Concern, sounds incredibly true to her and her artistry. She delves into themes of love: for self, community, ancestors, romantic interests, and music, amongst many other experiences. Frequently, these themes are expressed with her Black womanhood at the forefront, and it is displayed not just in the lyrics but also in her delivery, the production, and the engineering of the songs.  Her newest project, To Whom This May Concern, is unequivocally Black in its lyrics’ themes, and the way its production and sound engineering collaborate with the lyrics to deepen that message. Some standout songs that will be analyzed for their intersection of lyrics and engineering are Be Great, Pay U On Tuesday, and Right Here, Right Now.

Be Great

Everything about this project is intentional. It is no mistake that she released it during Black History Month. In a similar vein, it is no mistake that one of the first songs on the album is Be Great. It sets the tone for themes that will unfold throughout the project. This song is written and produced by Jill Scott, Troy Andrews (aka Trombone Shorty), Adam Blackstone, and Donovan Knight (aka DK the Punisher). The first thing that stood out to me was the horn production of this record. With Trombone Shorty as one of the writers and producers, it is clear to see how he contributed to the song; the horn parts are a mix of his classic New Orleans style with clear influence from Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) marching bands. HBCUs are home to a special type of marching band that goes beyond sideline entertainment at football games, but expands to represent Black history and culture. The spirit and legacy of that is heard on Be Great through the low-end support of tubas, bright interjections of trumpets, and countermelodies of saxophones and baritones.

Jill Scott’s delivery of the lyrics highlights the message of the song that is already heard in the production. In the verses, she has a word in each phrase that she sings with more emphasis, and the notes she chooses on those words are sung higher in her voice; she intentionally wants to make us feel the meaning of each phrase she sings. Furthermore, she utilizes a common vocal production technique in the choruses called vocal stacking. It is the layering of multiple vocal tracks to add density, texture, and emphasis to what is being sung. I love that she chose to keep it unison and leaves space for the horn parts at the end of each phrase. It comes across more impactful that way due to the horns serving as a response to her call, an affirmation to her deciding to “be great” regardless of the “history that made [her] cry.” Even the lyrics embody the spirit of the production. HBCU marching bands are one of many instances in Black history where something meant to harm Black folks (segregated schools) was used by Black folks to instill confidence and pride in our abilities and culture. What better tool to utilize in a song about rising from circumstances meant to make you fall than production that highlights that resilience?

The song reaches a climax around 2:15, when a hallmark of HBCU marching bands comes to fruition— the battery breakdown section. Scott’s lyrics bounce effortlessly on top of the knocks of the snares, claps of the cymbals, and marching quads playing fills as the vamp repeats and builds. Resilience is not only heard in her lyrics; it is felt from the song’s production as well.

Pay U On Tuesday

As someone whose first musical influence was jazz, I was quite pleased to hear this blues on the project. Whether you are a sound engineer, a classically trained musician, commercially trained, or you are hailing from musical theater spaces in the United States, it is likely that any of these musical contexts has made you encounter the blues. For more history on the blues and its meaning, see here.

The song was produced by Jill Scott, Adam Blackstone, Charles Harmon, and Claude Kelly.  The space and panning of this record so clearly mimics 1920s and 30s jazz; it makes me wonder what recordings Jeremy Hunter and Eduardo Ghigo might have been using for reference mixes. One of the first things I noticed in this song is the panning. The rhythm section is panned piano right, upright bass in the center, guitar left, and the drum set is panned throughout the width of the entire mix. It leaves space in the mix for the response of the horn section.  It’s natural that Scott utilizes call and response; it’s a hallmark of this genre. And of course, as blues typically does, Scott sings of her woes. In this case, an unreliable nuisance of a man. I’m sure we, unfortunately, all relate to a thing or two in those lyrics!

Right Here Right Now

Scott takes us on a journey with Right Here, Right Now, answering the question posed in the lyrics, “Does love still exist?” It is produced by Jill Scott, Lamar Andrews, Carvin Haggins, Yountie Sticklin, Keith, and Malek Isreal. Aside from this being my personal favorite song on the album, this song’s lyrics highlight how love is truly in everything if we pay enough attention to the present. This record is a House track — a music known for its ability to curate a sonic experience that keeps you present in the moment. House music hails from Chicago and is influenced by underground Disco music, queer culture, and Black culture. Its sounds often bellowed from the walls of The Warehouse in Chicago. Jill Scott’s mere use of the genre as a vehicle for this lyrical poem underscores how her identity as a Black woman is present in every section of this album.

The lyrics are affirmations of love. It is in the flowers, the trees, the rainfall, in me, in we. The poem Scott crafts over this house beat is one that highlights not only her own personal feelings but also the importance of the present moment, “right here, right now.”

The journey begins low, thin in texture. There are only a few layers — wide synth pads, Roland TR808 drum machine echoing rhythms sparsely yet with a pace, and Scott’s voice with heavy reverb and pan automation, placing it hard left then hard right. As the journey continues, claps on two and four link up with the synth bass to deepen the rhythm. When the peak is approaching, vocal stacking is utilized  in the pre-chorus and is fully exposed as the song ascends into the chorus. “In you is me, I am here” is heard solo for the last measure before the beat drops at the beginning of the chorus. The beat hits on “here” because it is the first beat of the chorus. The message of presence, the importance of just being here, is emphasized in production and lyrics.

And that is just the first build of the song. This song possesses a few peaks and valleys, as house music typically does. Yet, even this first ascension teaches us to be present, to feel and hear love in this song, in nature, and beyond.

Outro – Àṣẹ

Though my analysis of this project stops here, Scott invites us to continually revisit it and listen again. She highlights this and more in an interview where she speaks on the meaning of Àṣẹ as a song and as a spiritual concept. In short, it is a life energy. To Whom This May Concern invites us into Jill Scott’s unapologetic Black womanhood that intertwines with the sonic energy found in its production, giving us life energy. Listen and listen again. And when you do, let me know what production elements and engineering techniques you notice that enhance the lyrical content in the comments!

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Saturday May 16, 2026

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IMMERSIVE AUDIO MEETS MUSIC AND RECORDING

Mix Music Production is returning to the Power Station at BerkleeNYC for what will be a comprehensive, all-day event, exploring the art and business of this once-in-a-generation audio innovation. Join expert panels, project showcases, and exclusive interviews with leading engineers and producers to explore the latest in music recording innovation.

Saturday August 8, 2026
Power Station at berkleeNYC

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Soldering for Beginners – Los Angeles

Soldering is an essential skill for audio engineers and technicians. Being able to build and repair your own cables can save you money and get you out of a tight spot when it matters most.

In this hands-on workshop, you’ll learn proper soldering techniques applicable to live sound, studio work, and beyond. Participants will build XLR and TRS or TS cables to take home for continued practice.

The class will cover the fundamentals of creating high-quality solder joints, an overview of basic soldering tools, and important safety practices.

Please bring your own soldering kit—see below for suggested options. If you’re unable to bring a soldering iron, contact us at soundgirls@soundgirls.org and we will do our best to provide a loaner.

Required Tools to Bring to Class

The Wild West of Playback Engineering

In the last decade, a new role has cemented itself into almost every international pop tour: the playback engineer. Although playback has been around since artists were lip syncing on CRT televisions, the field has undergone a lot of innovation in the live event industry, and continues to grow as productions increasingly rely on automated, fail-safe systems.

Playback generally refers to running pre-recorded material in sync with other events. This material can involve backing tracks, click tracks, timecode, and other content that drives a show. It can also play different roles depending on the context: from synchronizing audio/light/video/FX cues, to feeding references into in-ear monitoring, to fattening up musical arrangements. The playback engineer can build and supervise a hardware setup fitting the production, and ensure that this additional point of failure is, well, not failing.

The bulk of playback engineering work takes place during pre-production. In live music contexts, programming a show depends on the arrangement, and its complexity decides what tools are necessary. For example, the number of backing tracks influences hardware input/output requirements, and a jam band that improvises will require different cuing workflows than a musical that runs on rails.

While playback can be as barebones as an Ableton Live set running on a laptop, the possibilities (and budget) are truly limitless for integration. The wide range of responsibilities that comes with playback, along with its show-critical role, is why companies offering show programming services, apps, and hardware are thriving. Playback apps, like setlist management tools, are increasingly marketed to be user-friendly. Small businesses construct bespoke rigs, ready to plug and play. Engineers exchange templates, Max devices, and program presets.

Of course, costs mount quickly in this realm — budgets literally double for a redundant system that falls back on a second machine if the primary computer drops out. Jess Jacobs, DJ Tech and Synth Tech for Linkin Park’s Joe Hahn, wants to see affordable options when it comes to automation and communication on-stage. “Being able to control the stage the way Linkin Park does is great, but sometimes out of reach for club-level artists,” Jess says. “If indie artists could harness the power of these tools, they’d be really happy with the level of production even in small venues. The price point is not crazy, but it’s not cheap.” Money can certainly buy flexibility and stability.

 

Jess Jacobs behind the scenes at TD Gardens

 

Even more valuable than the systems are the experts operating playback in live events that have only grown in scope and size. Many, like Jess and Laura Escudé, live show programmer who founded Electronic Creatives, landed in the playback role due to their Ableton Live skills. They act as a bridge between performers and technology, enabling performers’ creative expression within technical limitations. For Keana Peery, playback engineer and show programmer whose credits include The Recording Academy and BET, “Playback techs sit in a grey area. You’re not part of the band and not strictly part of the crew. You’re often working closely with the artist and the music director, so you need to understand musical intent while executing it technically.”

The creative impact that playback can have on the content and flow of a show is unlike other roles in the audio team. Often, it’s also combined into other roles such as monitors, backline, or even run directly by a musician on stage. “I first discovered playback from being a drummer and having to run tracks,” says Georgia Challinor, drum & playback technician for The Last Dinner Party. “Sometimes one takes priority over the other, but playback usually wins if you’re programming on the fly.”

 

Keana Peery preparing an artist backstage

 

Auto-Tune operation tends to be corralled into playback, with the plug-in interface running on playback computers. This gives the playback engineer another artistic responsibility, directly manipulating main vocals and changing parameters on the fly. It even has its own role on productions, as Keana reports, “Sometimes an artist will have their DJ running playback while I focus solely on vocal production and Auto-Tune operation. As a vocalist, I really enjoy that because I get to adjust parameters live depending on how the vocalist is performing in the moment.” The role morphs from production to production.

When a show goes on the road, the playback tech’s priorities change. Attention shifts from developing the creative content to making sure everything runs consistently. Playback must be prepared for anything- set changes, guest performers, and of course, technical issues. “A recent problem was when a USB hub on the DJ table was damaged and caused a short, which flowed back to a central communication point on a device chain,” Jess recalls. “I had to swap out every single piece along the way in order to ensure that it was fully functional.” The stakes in playback are certainly not for the faint of heart. A jack of all trades overview of audio, networking, OS/software and hardware can prevent showstoppers. For Karma Catena, Ableton operator and producer, “that’s the best part of playback: when you find the hiccup in the system and get to fix it. It’s always satisfying.”

The Wild West of playback, there are no laws for playback workflows and no cut and dried role descriptions for what playback engineers. From Tate McRae, to Cirque du Soleil, to megachurch worship services, you’ll be hard-pressed to find the same playback setup. Playback techs are finally gaining recognition for their versatility, which encourages further innovation. I think we’re just seeing the dawn of what’s possible in playback.

Huge thanks to the following contributors:

Georgia Challinor, drum & playback tech for The Last Dinner Party and playback for A Work In Progress

Jess Jacobs, DJ tech & synth tech for Joe Hahn of Linkin Park

Karma Catena, Ableton operator, songwriter, producer

Keana Peery, playback engineer & show programmer previously for The Recording Academy, BET, Saturday Night Live, Yeat, Heidi Montag, Gunna, Lil Uzi Vert, Flo Mili, Coi Leray

Further reading: Laura Escudé: Show Designer & Playback Engineer

Honoring The Shape of Your Journey

Last year, at a studio event, I was tasked with monitoring sound in the control room for the overflow audience. The event was being video-recorded by a team of community college students from the media department where I took audio classes, so I knew some of the video team members.

One of them, a young woman who was taking the audio recording class, was talking to me afterwards, looking at the patch bay and telling me how intimidating she found it.

I told her, “The first time I went in to work with the patch bay at school, I almost cried.”

She gasped. “I did cry!” she said.

I’m assisting with a live sound class this semester, and my job is to identify students who need support to succeed. One young woman had taken audio classes at another community college, but those classes didn’t include any hands-on training, and she was feeling out of her depth with signal flow and using a mixer.

I spent some time with her in a separate room with an old analog Allen & Heath mixer, talking about how the different controls corresponded with the outputs, and getting her to turn the pots and move the faders. Even with the mixer completely powered off and disconnected, she still hesitated to touch the controls.

That’s real fear. I completely identified with her, because I have that, too. It’s a feeling that a mistake will lead to annihilation. Combined with whatever upbringing or experiences one might have had, it can take the shape of anxiety or techphobia that shunts a person’s whole system into survival mode and blunts understanding.

Everyone has a story. Trigger alert: this paragraph describes an act of domestic violence. Part of my story is that I grew up in a strict household ruled by adults with war trauma, where I studied to get the grade necessary to avoid punishment, but not to understand the material. I was discouraged from trying new things or taking risks. As a teen, I dated an abuser my age who brainwashed me in classic style, in one instance telling me to do a math problem he knew I didn’t know how to do, and then slapping my face and screaming about how stupid I was. Decades later, I know he was lying, but my nerves still remember.

It took me most of my life so far to navigate the fallout from that experience. Now that I’m moving forward with an audio career and have the lens of my past to look through, I’ve identified, viscerally, times that the culture of audio engineering has pushed me back. Often, everyone in the room is well-meaning (though perhaps a bit oblivious). For instance, an overzealous engineer once attempted to frame me as a rising star and gave me my first ever session at that studio (and my second session ever) but didn’t give me the information I needed to prepare. It wasn’t a paying client, but a young band that one of the studio owners knew. At one point, the studio owner, his wife, his daughter, the band, and a team of high school videographers were all in the control room watching me set up the session. The engineer came in and asked if I’d measured the position of the overheads (which I knew to do, but had gotten overwhelmed and had forgotten), and if I’d patched in any hardware processing (I hadn’t). He gave me a look and pushed me aside, undoing what I’d done and setting up the session the way he’d do it.

When I thought about this session afterwards, I could see all the ways it could have been a great opportunity for someone else, but was ill-suited for me. It helped me identify the things I needed in order to gain productive experience: time to prepare, less pressure, and fewer observers. I needed the freedom to make mistakes, and I needed to replace, not relive, lessons learned from belittling experiences.

I realized that, if I was ever going to become a recording engineer, I would need to take control of the circumstances under which I worked. I needed to be honest with myself about how I reacted to certain situations, to analyze those reactions without judgement, and to choose the most effective path forward. Most importantly, I had to let go of the opinions and expectations of others. I can’t go around explaining my whole self to everyone, so they are just going to have to learn to deal with me without knowing.

Sometimes the people in the room are other gender minorities caught in their own form of survival mode. This is possibly the trickiest situation to navigate. I’ve been in “women in audio” groups that stress beating men at their game. This involves maintaining a flawless mask of competency and holding oneself to an impossible standard of professional and emotional perfection in order to force a powerful majority (men) to acknowledge the abilities of gender minorities. But playing the game under these terms is playing a power-imbalanced game, and those in power still declare the winners and losers, even if they themselves are flawed. It also leaves behind questions of race and marginalized identity. It’s ultimately an outdated game with skewed and arbitrary rules that a person could die trying to win.

What happened to me wasn’t my fault, but that’s not the point. There’s no reason to be ashamed of a weakness. We are entitled to our imperfections. We are human beings, and it takes human beings to make art. We can turn to computers for flawlessness, and they will always do “perfect” better than we can. Every deeply flawed moment of our lives is our art. What a pity, to be ashamed of being alive.

In the classroom, packing up the old Allen & Heath mixer, I told the student how I bonded with someone about crying in front of the patch bay. “I’ve had people teaching me, where I’m so anxious that I can’t understand, and then they look at me like, ‘What, are you stupid?’” I’m not sure if I was speaking to her or to myself at this point; it was a little of both. “I know I’m not stupid. This is just hard. And if you learn slow, so what? Take the time, make yourself comfortable. Honor the shape of your journey, I’m serious. Because I think you can do it.”

Recording Hygiene for The Vocal Booth (Part 1)

There are a lot of things to think about on the day of recording vocals – It’s important to dial in the “hygiene” of this process as much as possible in order to avoid any frustrating setbacks or snags along the way. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve made silly mistakes while recording, wasted time, slowed my momentum, and in some cases, had to start completely over. We’ll get into those soon, but before we do, I want to point out that most recording problems fall into two categories:

I hope to help you avoid pulling your hair out over lost studio time by capturing some of the typical ones, and in this post we’ll start with the technical side.

Part 1: Technical Recording Mistakes:

These are the sorts of callouts that are probably quick fixes but can be big headaches if not considered properly. I recommend checking all of these in your tracking session every time right before you or your producer starts recording:

Recording Environment: It’s easy to focus on gear when recording vocals, but your recording environment matters just as much. It doesn’t matter how great your microphone is if your recording space isn’t controlled and picking up background noise.

Here are some common culprits:

You don’t have to spend a lot of money to treat your room, but addressing the items above will help a ton!

Sample Rate: A suggestion is to choose the standard sample rate of 48kHz for your session. This will optimize for video/film opportunities, and why not keep that door open? That said, 44.1kHz can also be fine for a standard music release. Either way, it’s good to stick to one of those and ensure your producer/collaborators are setting the same sample rate in their project. If you don’t commit to the same sample rate and share files for the production you will run into issues with pitch shifting, playback speed, or strange artifacts.

So again, pick one sample rate from the options below:

Set Proper Pre-Amp Gain: Clipping happens when your signal level is too hot and the audio distorts. Once recorded, this distortion is permanent. This is why you have to test and set your levels of your pre-amp gain on your interface at the beginning of your session.

Aim for peaks around -12 dB to -6 dB.

The best way to set levels is to record a short test of the loudest part of your song and make sure the gain knob is adjusted enough to not result in clipped, recorded audio. If your audio is clipping, you need to bring the gain knob on your interface down…ideally you set it so there is a little bit of “head room” in your louder sections (just in case you have a really great take that is louder than your test and also in general).

Ensure a Good Headphone Mix: This is super important and often overlooked, especially if you’re a singer recording at home. There are a few things to consider to make sure that you’re comfortably hearing the track while recording final vocals:

Instrumental Track Volume: Ensure that the instrumental track is not too loud. You don’t want to compete with the instrumental while recording — this can strain your voice and lead to a forced sounding performance. An easy fix is to simply lower the instrumental track in your session. Sometimes instrumentals are already mastered, which is part of why everything sounds too loud, and in that case they may need to be lowered significantly.

Vocal Monitoring: Take time to make sure your vocal monitoring is comfortable and that you can clearly hear your voice through the headphones

Cluttered Mix: Make sure the headphone mix is not too cluttered. A cluttered mix means the singer is hearing too many instruments at once, which can make it harder to hear their voice clearly and stay in tune. Simplifying the mix often leads to a better vocal performance. You can create a simpler headphone mix by temporarily removing layers of the production if you find them distracting.

Record to Polished Instrumental: It’s really important that the vocalist is singing to an instrumental that is polished and in tune. If there is anything unfinished or off about the instrumental it might affect the way the singer performs.

Whenever possible, record vocals to a version of the track that is as close to the final arrangement as possible.

Taking a few minutes to check these technical details before recording can save you hours of frustration later.

→ In Part 2, I’ll cover the other side of vocal recording hygiene — the performance mistakes that can make or break a vocal take. Stay tuned and Happy Recording,

Dani

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